In the Judean desert, on the coast of the Dead Sea, not far from Jericho, a tribe camped up semi - known as Bedouin Taamireh. It was the early spring of 1947, when one of the children of that tribe, Muhammad edh-Dhib, a young man of only 15 years, shepherding the flock of his father. Upon returning home, she discovered it was missing a goat. Leaving the flock safe in the corral, returned forthwith to demand of that had misguided.
After walking for many parts in search of the lost goat, the Bedouin sat in the shade of a large rock, his eyes suddenly turned to a narrow cleft in the rock, throwing a stone towards the hole. Made several attempts until they hit the target.
His achievement was immediately followed put a thud that reverberating inside the cave, it seemed the sound of an earthen vessel when it falls. Found it very strange, approached the small opening, his eyes began to sight it seemed that outlines large clay jars. Returning to his tent, he told his experience to his elder brother, Ahmed Muhammad, as the day dawned, he asked his brother to take him to that place.
Vessels found in several rolls of goat leather, concluded that they could get some money from them by selling them to a shoemaker.
Khalil Iskander Shahin, known as Kando, had a shoe shop in Bethlehem mend a purse when two Bedouins entered his shoe dragging seven big rolls. Placing them on the counter, asked how he could afford to put all that leather.
Analyzing the rollers, saw that they were very aged and certainly will not be very useful.
Khalil was to say goodbye to the boys, when watching all those writings, decided to buy them, thinking of reselling them for any collector of antiques. Then paid a pittance for them, and the boys, even tired to put any effort left grateful.
Athanasius Y. Samuel, Metropolitan Archbishop of San Marcos Monastery in Jerusalem, noted on the rollers, got four of them. A few days later, Khalil has sold the other three, the teacher Eleazar Lipa Sukenik of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
By analyzing its four rollers, Athanasios, became aware of having acquired a gem. Determined to make a fortune with your sale, led them clandestinely into the United States, where he began offering them to individuals and institutions that believed he could be interested to put them.
Nobody, however, accepted his proposal, because the price demanded was too high.
Discouraged, Athanasios decided in a last attempt to put an ad in the Wall Street Journal, General Yigael Yadin, Chief of Staff of the Israeli Army, was in search of manuscripts, when reading the Wall Street Journal, was attracted to the small article about those four scrolls found in the Dead Sea, containing biblical manuscripts dated no later than the year 200 BC, was the son of Professor Yigael Eleazer had bought the last three rolls.
Since then, they were desperate looking for the other four. Yigael paid $ 250,000 for the four rolls.
To be carefully analyzed the seven rolls put scholars in Israel, it was proved that they were the oldest manuscripts ever discovered by man, dating from earlier times to the days of Christ. One of the rolls, the best preserved of the seven, presents a copy of the book of Isaiah, to be compared with modern copies, brought the certainty that there was these two millennia no significant change in his prophetic message.
The other manuscripts, which are also of great importance, are: The Manuscript of Lamech, known as the Apocrypha of Genesis, which features an expanded story of Genesis; Rule War that describes the great final battle between the sons of light and children of darkness, being the descendants of the tribes of Levi, Judah and Benjamin portrayed as the children of light, and the Edomites, Moabites, Ammonites, Philistines and Greeks represented as the children of darkness. There is also a scroll with Hymns of Thanksgiving (Hodayot), a sequence of 33 psalms that were sung in worship services to the Creator.
Two years after the experience of those young Bedouin, two archaeologists, and R. GLHarding De Vaux, helped put fifteen inhabitants of that region of the Dead Sea, began new search nearby cave that would come to be known as Cave 1.
In February 1952, they finally found south of Cave 1, Cave 2, found in which parts of seventeen biblical manuscripts and a larger portion of shares of non-biblical manuscripts. In all, 187 fragments found.
With the discovery of Cave 2, the attention of archaeologists and researchers of all those Dead Sea, turned to the caves.
on March 14, found the Cave 3. Besides hundreds of fragments of other manuscripts found in the cave a document very special: they were three very thin copper sheets, each measuring 0.30 m 0.80 m put.
Examining those copper sheets, they discovered that originally comprised a single roll, because their edges bore the marks of his ligament. The further study of this paper, proved to be of great importance, for it contained detailed information about the other caves containing documents and treasures.
As that new caves were discovered, new documents came to light, after the discovery of Cave 6 in September 1952, searches were intensified, bringing not, however, any new discovery put a period of almost three years. On the morning of February 2, 1955, when overcome by discouragement, were about to suspend the search, were honored for their discovery of Cave 7, renewed in his mind to continue with the search, between February 2 to 6 April 1955, had been blessed with the treasures of the Caves 7, 8, 9 and 10.
With all this success, further intensified the searches, but to no avail.
In January 1956, four brothers Bedouins found the cave 11, were found jars with damaged books, two rolls very conserved: the Book of Leviticus and the Book of Ezekiel, also found a large roll, the Book of Melchizedek. The roll actually consisted of a sequence of seven manuscripts stitched to each other. Of the seven, the last six carried in them a detailed account of the history of the universe, from its origin to the end of time, the first manuscript provides two separate reports: The first tells the story of the deliverance of Lot and many inhabitants of Sodom who had been taken captive by a great army;
Accompanied by only 318 people, Abraham, under the guidance of Yahuh earned a miraculous deliverance, triumphing over all enemies. (Genesis 14:15); That first narrative continues until the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, six years later. The second report on the first roll, brings the history of Salem.
On the occasion of the findings of the eleven caves, the territories of the Dead Sea were under the jurisdiction of Jordan, whose government secured exclusive rights to study eight experts led by Father Roland de Vaux, Biblical and Archaeological Center of Jerusalem, which denied access any researcher to Jewish scrolls.
In 1967, during the Six-Day War, Israel, to conquer the West Bank, acquired control of documents, but only allowed a small group to study them. Some have been translated and published later, but the world remained unaware of what was in most of this treasure.
Only in September 1990, the manuscripts began to be more widely disseminated, when two scholars of Hebrew College Cincinatti, United States, Ben-Zion Wacholder and Martin Abegg, had access to a copy of a reference code (list of words with its position in the different manuscripts) of the scrolls.
For safety reasons, the Israel government had distributed some copies of these puzzles by Jewish institutions around the world, and has microfilms deposited in the custody of the scrolls eight libraries, mostly in the United States, with a commitment to not were released to the public.
In late 1999, breaking with all this siege, the Huntingdon Library, Los Angeles, one of which had a copy of the scrolls micro-filmed, released a consultation to scholars worldwide.
Among the seven rolls that were removed from Cave 11 by Bedouins, the following were declared authentic manuscripts: Book of Psalms, the Book of Leviticus, the Book of Ezekiel and the Book of Job The remaining scrolls: the manuscript of the New Jerusalem, the second roll Psalms and the Book of Melchizedek, have been declared by experts as apocryphal.
End of introduction.
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